Brief Description

VARK is a self-report tool designed to assess an individual’s preferred learning strategies. The questionnaire includes 30 multiple-choice questions corresponding to three core learning styles: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. Each question offers three options (A, B, C), each linked to one of the three styles.

Purpose

The purpose of VARK is to help individuals identify how they learn most effectively. Understanding one’s learning style allows students, educators, and learners to tailor teaching and study methods according to personal preferences.

Scoring Method

Participants are asked to choose the response that best represents them for each of the 30 questions. Responses are categorized as follows:
A = Visual style
B = Auditory style
C = Kinesthetic style
By counting the number of responses in each category, the dominant or co-dominant learning style(s) are identified. In cases of ties or similar distribution, the participant may be described as having a mixed learning profile.

Validity

The questionnaire is based on the VAK theoretical model, which has been widely applied in educational and training contexts. While its validity has not been confirmed through rigorous psychometric testing, it remains a useful tool for promoting self-awareness and differentiated learning.

Reliability

The tool’s reliability is modestly supported by research data. However, the consistency of participants’ responses and its widespread international use suggest a satisfactory level of internal consistency as a guide for learning strategy.

Data Analysis and Use

Data from the VARK can be used to identify learning preferences, develop individualized learning plans, and enhance teaching effectiveness. It is commonly used in teacher training programs, professional development, and learning counseling to support the adaptation of methods and materials to students’ learning styles.

References

Fleming, N.D., & Mills, C. (1992). Not Another Inventory, Rather a Catalyst for Reflection. To Improve the Academy, 11(1), 137–155.
Fleming, N.D. (2001). Teaching and Learning Styles: VARK Strategies. Christchurch, New Zealand: VARK Learn Limited.