Purpose of the Questionnaire

The main purpose of the Picture Arrangement test is to assess an individual’s ability to understand and organize logical sequences of events or actions through visual stimuli. It is intended for adults aged 16–89 and measures visuomotor coordination, logical reasoning, and problem-solving ability. It is widely used by clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive functions.

Questionnaire Analysis

The test was developed by David Wechsler (1997, WAIS-III) and was adapted into Greek by E. Tsantali, M. Tsolaki, R. Pita, N. Daraï, and A. Roditou. It includes 10 series of pictures, each depicting a story or action that must be arranged in chronological or logical order. The subscales of the test cover simple sequences (e.g., daily activities) as well as complex sequences (e.g., abstract or social situations).

Scoring of Questions

Scoring is based on the accuracy of the sequence of pictures. Each correctly placed picture is awarded 1 point, while incorrect or partially correct answers do not add points. The total score is converted into a standardized score (M=10, SD=3) according to age-based norms.

Statistical Analysis

The score range for each subtest is 0–10.
A high score (8–10) indicates superior logical organization and visuomotor coordination ability.
A moderate score (4–7) indicates average cognitive skills.
A low score (0–3) may indicate significant difficulties in understanding temporal or causal relationships.

Validity of the Questionnaire

The test demonstrates high content validity, as the pictures reflect daily or abstract situations, verified by an expert panel. It also shows comparative validity, with significant correlations with other WAIS cognitive subtests (e.g., Similarities, r=0.65). Research indicates that the WAIS-III-R shows high correlation with Performance IQ (r=0.72), while Greek studies (e.g., Tsantali et al., 2015) have confirmed its validity in the Greek population.

Reliability of the Questionnaire

The test demonstrates high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.85) and test-retest reliability (r=0.89 over a 4-week interval). This confirms the stability and reliability of its results.

References

Greek References
Tsantali, E. (2015). Psychometric Approaches to Intelligence. Psychology Publications.
Tsolaki, M. (2016). Reliability of WAIS-III-R in a Greek Sample. Hellenic Psychological Journal, 12(2), 45–60.
Foreign References
Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III). The Psychological Corporation.
Wechsler, D. (2008). WAIS-IV Technical and Interpretive Manual. Pearson.

Keywords

WAIS-III-R, picture arrangement, cognitive assessment, visuomotor coordination, logical reasoning, psychometric reliability, validity, neuropsychological tests.