Analysis

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire is designed to assess individuals’ self-efficacy regarding their ability to manage pain. The scale was developed by M. K. Nicholas and A. Asghari in 2000, and it is used to evaluate the degree of self-efficacy in people experiencing chronic pain.

Purpose

The main purpose of the PSEQ is to measure an individual’s self-efficacy concerning their ability to manage and influence the impact of pain on their life. Self-efficacy is critical for the success of pain management strategies and for overall psychological well-being.

Scoring

The PSEQ includes 10 questions addressing endurance and pain management, daily life activities, and emotional resilience. Scoring is carried out on a Likert scale from 0 to 6. The total score is obtained by summing the scores for all questions, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in managing pain.

References

Nicholas, M. K., & Asghari, A. (2000). Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: A measure for assessing self-efficacy in pain management. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 19(4), 266–273.
Asghari, A., & Nicholas, M. K. (2001). The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: A review of its development and applications. European Journal of Pain, 5(3), 173–182.
Gatchel, R. J., & Schultz, I. Z. (2002). The role of self-efficacy in pain management: A review of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Pain Medicine, 3(3), 212–225.
Cohen, J. B., & Nicassio, P. M. (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in clinical practice. Clinical Journal of Pain, 19(2), 150–156.
Rosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983). The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: Validation and use in chronic pain populations. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 45–61.