General Self-Efficacy Scale [GSE-10]

Purpose of the Questionnaire

The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) aims to measure self-efficacy — that is, an individual’s belief in their ability to handle challenges, achieve goals, and manage difficulties in daily life. The scale is designed for both adults and adolescents aged 12 and above, and it can be used in various contexts such as clinical, educational, and occupational settings.

Questionnaire Analysis

The scale was developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in 1995. It consists of 10 items that form a single, unidimensional structure without subscales. The items are intended to assess an individual’s general perception of their own capabilities — for example, the statement: “I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort.”
Responses are given on a four-point Likert scale, where 1 means “Not at all true” and 4 means “Exactly true.”

Scoring

The total score is obtained by summing the responses to all 10 items, yielding possible values between 10 and 40.
Scores below 20 indicate low self-efficacy.
Scores between 20 and 30 are considered moderate.
Scores above 30 reflect high self-efficacy.

Statistical Analysis

The GSE allows for total scores ranging from 10 to 40. High scores (above 30) indicate a strong belief in one’s ability to successfully cope with difficult situations. In contrast, low scores (below 20) suggest limited confidence in managing challenges effectively.

Validity

The GSE has demonstrated strong validity across numerous studies. It shows a positive correlation (r = 0.65) with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and its predictive validity has been confirmed — it is associated with individuals’ ability to achieve goals under pressure or in stressful circumstances. The scale has also been validated across cultures.

Reliability

The GSE exhibits high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α values ranging from 0.75 to 0.90. Its test-retest reliability has been reported at r = 0.80 over a six-month period, indicating stability in responses over time.

Reference

Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in Health Psychology: A User’s Portfolio (pp. 35–37). NFER-NELSON.