Brief Description

The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-24) is a 24-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess how individuals react or behave when they experience anger. It includes three subscales: Anger Expression-Out, Anger Expression-In, and Anger Control. The inventory has been translated and culturally adapted into Greek using a rigorous back-translation process by licensed psychologists.

Purpose

The purpose of the STAXI-24 is to measure the ways individuals manage and express anger—whether externally directed, internally contained, or consciously controlled. This assessment is valuable for understanding emotional and behavioral patterns and is useful in both clinical and research settings.

Scoring Method

Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = almost always). All items are positively worded. The 24 items are divided across three subscales:

Subscale A (Anger Expression-Out): Items 2, 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, 22, 23
Subscale B (Anger Expression-In): Items 1, 3, 4, 8, 11, 18, 20, 24
Subscale C (Anger Control): Items 5, 6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 21
The overall anger expression score is calculated using the formula:
Subscale A + Subscale B – Subscale C + 16

Validity

The STAXI-24 demonstrates good construct validity. The Greek adaptation follows recognized translation and cultural adaptation procedures based on the original instrument developed by Spielberger and colleagues. The thematic structure and factor distinctions are consistent with the tool’s theoretical foundation and clinical application.

Reliability

Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was found to be 0.72 for Anger Expression-Out, 0.66 for Anger Expression-In, and 0.85 for Anger Control. While the overall scale reliability is not explicitly reported (due to the composite formula), the subscales show adequate to high reliability, particularly in the domain of anger control.

Data Analysis and Use

The instrument was administered to a sample of 375 participants: 175 university students and 200 public employees. The sample included 35.2% men and 64.8% women, with a mean age of 31.7 years. Data collection took place in various regions of Greece (Komotini, Kavala, Katerini), and participation was anonymous and voluntary. Statistical analyses confirmed the three-factor structure and supported the instrument’s reliability within the Greek population.

References

Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., & Worden, T. J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 5–30). New York: Hemisphere.