Brief Description

The Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales consist of two distinct subscales: the Social Skills Scale and the Problem Behavior Scale. The Social Skills Scale includes 17 statements assessing cooperation, self-control, and social interaction. The Problem Behavior Scale also includes 17 statements and evaluates externalizing and internalizing problematic behaviors, such as impulsivity, aggression, and withdrawal.

Purpose

The tool is designed to assess social skills and problematic behaviors in children aged 3 to 6 years, as observed in preschool settings by parents and/or educators.

Scoring Method

Respondents are asked to rate the 34 items using a four-point Likert scale: 0 (never), 1 (rarely), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often). The scores for each item are summed separately for the two subscales, generating total scores for Social Skills and Problem Behaviors. High scores on the first scale indicate good social adjustment, while high scores on the second reflect elevated problematic behaviors.

Validity

The validity of the scales is supported by research data and factor analyses confirming the distinction between social skills and externalizing or internalizing problem behaviors. The tool has been appropriately translated and adapted for the Greek population.

Reliability

The reliability of both scales, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, is notably satisfactory. Specifically, the Social Skills Scale has a reliability of 0.86, and the Problem Behavior Scale has 0.78. Test–retest reliability over a three-month period was 0.58 for social skills and 0.69 for problem behaviors.

Data Analysis and Use

Total scores for each subscale can be converted into standard scores, allowing for comparison with norms and identification of children with developmental difficulties. The tool can be used in research, clinical contexts, and educational settings for early detection of social or behavioral issues.

References

Chiou, V., Zissi, A., Xanthakou, G., & Kaila, M. (2005). An interpersonal problem-solving intervention among preschoolers in Greece. Paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of International School Psychology Association, Athens, Greece.
Chiou, V., Zissi, A., Xanthakou, G., & Kaila, M. (2005). Presentation of psychometric properties of PKBS-2 in the Greek sample. In A. Zissi, N. Polemikos, & M. Kaila (Eds.), Mental Health (pp. 124–149). Athens: Atrapós.
Merrell, K. (2002). Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales.