Purpose of the Questionnaire (Scale)

The main purpose of the Charismatic Leadership Scale (CLS) is to assess the core charismatic qualities of a leader, such as the ability to communicate a compelling vision, express confidence and trust, create emotional commitment among followers, and use symbolic actions to enhance influence. It is intended for professional leaders (CEOs, managers, politicians), organizational contexts, and educational institutions for the evaluation of leadership abilities.

Questionnaire (Scale) Analysis

The CLS was developed by Conger and Kanungo (1994) and serves as a tool for the quantitative assessment of charismatic leadership traits. It applies transformational leadership theory and measures leaders’ abilities to inspire, motivate, and create emotional bonds with their followers.
The CLS consists of 20 items, covering 4 core dimensions:
Vision and Communication (6 items)
Sensitivity to Followers’ Needs (5 items)
Unconventional/Nontraditional Behavior (4 items)
Personal Risk and Sacrifice (5 items)
Participants rate the items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).

Scoring of Questions

Each item is scored from 1 to 5, and the total score is the sum of responses (range: 20–100). Higher scores indicate stronger charismatic leadership traits, expressed across the four dimensions of the questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis

The CLS measures the key dimensions of charismatic leadership using factor analysis. The subscales of the CLS—vision creation, sensitivity to others, unconventional behavior, and personal sacrifices—take values ranging from 1 (low expression of the trait) to 5 (high expression of the trait). For example, a high score on the “Vision and Communication” subscale indicates that the leader has a strong vision and can effectively communicate it to followers.

Validity of the Questionnaire (Scale)

The validity of the CLS has been verified through factor analysis and correlation with other leadership tools, such as the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), confirming its ability to measure charismatic leadership capabilities.

Reliability of the Questionnaire (Scale)

The CLS demonstrates very high reliability, with Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.89 to 0.92, indicating strong internal consistency. In addition, the tool shows high stability, with test–retest reliability r = 0.85, suggesting that responses remain stable over time.

References

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1994). Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. Sage.
Bass, B. M. (1990). Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Applications. Free Press.
Shamir, B., et al. (1993). “The Motivational Effects of Charismatic Leadership.” Organizational Science, 4(4), 577–594.

Keywords

Questionnaire, Charismatic Leadership, Scale, Transformational Leadership, Leadership Skills, Professional Leaders, Organizational Contexts, Educational Institutions, Statistical Analysis, Validity, Reliability, Symbolic Acts, Emotional Commitment, Likert Scale.