Purpose

The purpose of the test is to assess executive functions in individuals with brain dysfunction. Specifically, it examines conceptual categorization ability, cognitive flexibility, maintenance of successful actions, and the use of feedback to appropriately adapt behavior.

Brief Description

During the test, the examinee is presented with a set of four target cards displaying colored shapes. They are then asked to sort additional cards according to one of three characteristics: color, shape, or number. The sorting rule is not explicitly stated, but after each attempt, the examinee is informed whether the choice was correct or incorrect. Once a correct sorting strategy is consistently applied, the examiner changes the rule without warning, in order to evaluate the examinee’s flexibility and adaptability.

Validity

The WCST is internationally recognized as a valid tool for assessing executive dysfunction, especially in cases involving brain injury, neurodegenerative disorders, or psychiatric conditions. Both construct and discriminant validity have been well-documented through numerous clinical and research applications.

Reliability

The WCST demonstrates high reliability, particularly in terms of test-retest consistency and in assessing variables such as number of correct classifications, perseverative errors, and cognitive flexibility. Reliability indices have been documented internationally, although they may vary depending on the age or cognitive level of the participants.

Data Analysis and Use

Scoring includes multiple indicators such as number of correct responses, number of perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors, number of categories achieved, and number of trials per category shift. Results are interpreted in relation to neuropsychological functioning, especially functions associated with the prefrontal cortex, and are widely used in neuropsychological assessments and clinical diagnoses.

Bibliography

Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of the degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404–411.