Brief Description

The Space Time Electronic Test (STeTest), also known as HTAX, is a computerized early screening tool for detecting space and time orientation disorders in preschool children aged 4–6 years. Administered via a computer, either individually or in groups, the test lasts approximately 35 minutes. It comprises 57 tasks/questions, a child’s drawing activity, two questionnaires (one for parents and one for educators), and an observation checklist. The entire process takes place through a digital platform that automatically collects and records children’s responses and performance data.

Purpose

The test is designed to detect early difficulties or disorders in spatial and temporal orientation in preschoolers. Using multimodal methods—such as storytelling, images, and narration—the test supports educational prevention and early intervention for children displaying functional deficits in these areas.

Scoring Method

Each correct response in the 57 test items is awarded 1 point; incorrect responses receive 0. All responses are recorded automatically by the software. The total and detailed scores are saved in a digital file, which can be exported and printed for further evaluation or archiving.

Validity

The scale demonstrates strong face validity. It was developed based on theoretical foundations in developmental psychology and tailored to the specific needs of preschool-aged children. Its structure is supported by research data and pilot implementations.

Reliability

The internal consistency of the scale, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, is 0.85—a value considered satisfactory for early screening tools targeting preschool populations.

Data Analysis and Use

The test was initially piloted with 46 kindergarten children to assess the clarity and functionality of the test items. The final digital version was then administered to 344 children aged 4–6 in kindergartens across the Chania and Rethymno regions. It was applied both individually and in groups, with all data digitally recorded. The results can be used for diagnostic and preventive purposes in educational or therapeutic contexts.

References

Stavrou, L. (Ed.) (2003). Body schema and body image. Athens: Anthropos.
Stavrou, L., & Makratzaki, A. (2004). Improving Preschool and Elementary School Children’s Perception of Space and Time Through Computer and Microsoft PowerPoint. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 5(1), 1417–1421.
Stavrou, L., & Makratzaki, A. (2005). Input devices, interface and workstation are critical factors for a successful integration of computers and ICT in preschool and primary school education. WSEAS Transactions on Advances in Engineering Education, 4(2), 266–271.
Stavrou, L., & Makratzaki, A. (2006). Inequalities in the era of knowledge. WSEAS Transactions on Advances in Engineering Education, 6(3), 554–559.