Brief Description

The QSI-24 is a self-report tool consisting of 24 statements, of which 12 are positive and 12 are negative. The positive statements describe adequate and comprehensible emotional expression, while the negative ones refer to inadequate or ambiguous emotional expression. Respondents are asked to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with each statement, using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Purpose

The scale aims to assess the quality and effectiveness of emotional expression, focusing on how emotions are communicated in a way that is understandable to the listener and facilitates interpersonal communication. It does not assess the frequency or intensity of emotional expression, but rather the manner and effectiveness with which it is conveyed.

Scoring

Responses are rated on a five-point Likert scale. The 12 negative statements are reverse-scored prior to analysis to align with the positive ones. The total score is calculated as the sum of all item responses, with higher scores indicating higher quality of emotional expression.

Validity

The scale shows a positive correlation with indicators of social support and a negative correlation with indicators of negative affect, confirming its validity in measuring emotional quality. It is unrelated to the quantity of emotional expression. Factor analysis has identified two main components: first, the conditions and manner of emotional expression, and second, the listener’s responses.

Reliability

The internal consistency of the scale is good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81, indicating satisfactory reliability.

Data Analysis and Use

The QSI-24 can be used for both research and clinical purposes. Statistical analysis may include factor analysis, calculation of means, and examination of correlations with other variables, such as social support and emotional well-being.

References

Panagopoulou, E. (2001). Matters of the heart. Emotional expression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Enschede, The Netherlands: Printpartners Ipskamp.
Panagopoulou, E., & Maes, S. (in press). Emotional expression in anticipation of cardiac surgery. Journal of Health Psychology.