The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) is a clinical tool used to assess an individual’s ability to modify their gait in response to changing environmental demands. It is applied within the context of evaluating balance and safety during walking and is widely used to assess individuals with mobility disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological conditions.

Description

The DGI consists of 8 tasks that assess a person’s ability to walk under varying conditions. These include walking on a flat surface, where the subject walks at a normal pace on a level surface. It also includes changes in walking speed, assessing the ability to accelerate and decelerate. The test evaluates walking while turning the head to the right and left, and turning the body while walking. Another component involves walking over and around obstacles. The test includes stair negotiation, where the individual ascends and descends stairs. Walking on uneven surfaces is also tested to simulate real-life walking challenges. Each task is scored from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating better performance. The total score can reach a maximum of 24 points.

Analysis

The analysis of the DGI is used to determine the risk of falling and the need for further therapeutic intervention. Scores ranging from 0 to 19 indicate a high risk of falls, while scores from 19 to 24 suggest a lower risk. This distinction helps clinicians prioritize treatment and safety recommendations.

Purpose

The main goals of the DGI are to assess walking ability and balance by identifying an individual’s strengths and limitations under different walking conditions. It supports the development of personalized therapeutic programs aimed at improving mobility and balance. Additionally, it serves as a tool for monitoring progress over time, evaluating how well the individual is responding to intervention and therapy.

Calibration

Calibration of the DGI is based on the consistent understanding and application of the specific evaluation criteria for each of the eight tasks. The training and familiarization of assessors with the evaluation process are critical to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the assessment outcomes.

References

Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (2001). Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, which includes the original development and explanation of the DGI.
Whitney, S. L., Hudak, M. T., & Marchetti, G. F. (2000). The Dynamic Gait Index relates to self-reported fall history in individuals with vestibular dysfunction. JNPT, 24, 105–113, showing the correlation between DGI scores and fall history in individuals with vestibular dysfunction.