Scale Analysis

The Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-28) scale was first discussed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984. Since then, many versions of the scale have been created, but the most popular version was developed by Carver in 1989. Carver defined coping strategies as the efforts, both expressive and psychological, that people use to master, endure, reduce, or minimize stressful events.

Purpose of the Scale

The aforementioned scale was created to explore how individuals cope with stress.

Scoring of Questions

Participants are asked to respond to how often they engage in the behavior described in each question. The scale consists of 28 items, and the responses are given using a 4-point Likert scale, where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much.

Statistical Analysis

The scale generates a total score by adding the scores of each question, with the total score ranging from 28 to 112. Higher scores indicate that the individual may struggle with managing stress.

Validity and Reliability

The scale has been adapted into Greek by Kapsou et al. and translated using the back-translation method. The overall internal consistency is 0.84, and the Cronbach’s alpha values range from 0.51 to 0.90, which are considered acceptable to high.

References

Sica, C., Novara, C., Dorz, S., & Sanavio, E. (1997). Coping strategies: Evidence for cross-cultural differences? A preliminary study with the Italian version of coping orientations to problems experienced (COPE). Personality and Individual Differences, 23(6), 1025-1029.

For the development and analysis of research data based on this scale, and for further information, please contact the DatAnalysis team.