Description of the Questionnaire

This questionnaire is based on the VARK model (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic), developed by Neil Fleming, and aims to categorize learners’ preferred learning styles. According to this model, there are four main types of learning preferences: the Visual type, which favors images, diagrams, and visual presentation of information; the Aural type, which responds better to auditory stimuli and oral instruction; the Read/Write type, which learns best through reading and writing; and the Kinesthetic type, which benefits from hands-on experience, practical application, and physical engagement. The questionnaire consists of thirteen questions, each offering four answer options. Respondents may select one or more answers per question, depending on what best represents them.

Data Analysis and Usage

Upon completion of the questionnaire, responses are categorized according to the corresponding learning type (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic). The number of responses for each category is counted and used to identify the dominant learning style of the participant. In cases where there is a tie or similar distribution across multiple types, the participant is considered a multimodal learner, meaning they utilize more than one learning approach. The results can be used by learners themselves to better understand how they learn most effectively, as well as by instructors, educators, or researchers to adapt the learning environment and optimize instructional methods.

Purpose

The purpose of the questionnaire is to identify and understand individual differences in how people learn. Through the self-awareness gained from completing this tool, learners can improve their study strategies, while educators can design and implement teaching methods that better address the diverse needs of their students. Furthermore, understanding learning styles can help reduce learning difficulties and enhance active engagement in the educational process.

Scoring

Scoring is based on the number of responses selected for each learning style. Each selected answer adds one point to the corresponding category. The total number of selections for each type is calculated, and the highest score indicates the participant’s dominant learning style. Depending on the score range, the intensity of the preference is interpreted: low values indicate a slight preference, mid-range values indicate a moderate preference, and high values suggest a strong or dominant preference for a particular style. In the case of a tie, a combined or multimodal learning style is recognized.

Bibliography

Fleming, N. D. (2001). Teaching and Learning Styles: VARK Strategies. Christchurch, New Zealand: Neil Fleming. Leite, W. L., Svinicki, M., & Shi, Y. (2010). Attempted validation of the scores of the VARK: Learning styles inventory with multitrait–multimethod confirmatory factor analysis models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(2), 323–339. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice Hall. Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: A systematic and critical review. Learning and Skills Research Centre.