Scale Analysis

The Hope Scale (HS-12) was developed by Snyder and his colleagues in 1991 in order to assess the level of hope in each individual examined.

Purpose of the Scale

The Hope Scale was created with the aim of evaluating individuals’ level of hope through reference statements.

Question Scoring

The scale consists of twelve statements in total, of which four do not contribute to the final calculation of the individual’s level of hope but are included simply to cover the central concept measured by the scale. The remaining eight statements, which do contribute to the hope score, are categorized into two factors: belief in goal achievement and agency in goal achievement. Each factor consists of four questions. Of the four questions in the first factor, one refers to the past, two to the present, and one to the future. For the second factor, two refer to the present and two to the future.

The scale is suitable for self-administration by individuals over the age of 18. Participants are asked to indicate the degree to which they feel each statement reflects their own experience, using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Statistical Analysis

Participants are scored on each item of the scale according to how much they feel the statement represents them. The possible score for each item ranges from 1 to 5. The average time required to complete the scale is approximately five minutes.

Validity and Reliability

The Hope Scale has been adapted to the Greek language using the method of independent back-translation. The scale demonstrates good face validity, and the internal consistency of the overall scale is satisfactory (α = 0.83). The reliability indices of the two factors are also acceptable (belief in goal achievement α = 0.66, agency in goal achievement α = 0.81).

References

Authors: Snyder C.R. and colleagues
Greek Adaptation: Moustaki M. and Stalikas A.
Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321.

For research data development and analysis based on the above scale, and for further information, please contact the DatAnalysis team.