Analysis

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was developed by Bernard M. Bass and Bruce J. Avolio and is used to assess leadership parameters through multiple factors. The MLQ examines the following main dimensions of leadership:
Transformational Leadership: Idealized Influence: The leader’s ability to act as a role model and gain employees’ trust and respect.Inspirational Motivation: The leader’s ability to inspire and encourage employees to achieve high goals.Intellectual Stimulation: Promoting innovation and creativity by challenging employees’ thinking and understanding.Individualized Consideration: Providing support and guidance tailored to each employee’s needs and capabilities.
Transactional Leadership: Contingent Reward: Providing rewards or incentives for achieving goals or completing tasks.Management by Exception: The leader intervenes only when things do not go as expected (two types: Active and Passive).
Laissez-Faire Leadership: Avoidance of leadership responsibilities and lack of intervention when necessary.

Objective

The goal of the MLQ is to provide a comprehensive assessment of leadership style, helping organizations understand how different leadership types affect employee performance, satisfaction, and commitment.

Calibration

Calibration is typically conducted using a 5-point or 7-point Likert scale, where participants evaluate the extent to which they agree with various statements about leadership behavior.

References

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Technical Report. Mind Garden.
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: The Revised Edition. Mind Garden.