Analysis

The TWES HEALTH is an adaptation of the classic Work Environment Scale (WES) by Rudolf Moos, specifically designed for professionals in the healthcare sector. The questionnaire assesses employees’ subjective perception of their work environment. The full version includes 90 questions organized into 10 subscales, each consisting of 9 items. The covered areas include, among others, social support, work pressure, organization, autonomy, innovation, and collaboration. The items are answered using a five-point Likert scale, allowing for the measurement of the intensity of participants’ perceptions.

Objective

The primary objective of TWES HEALTH is to evaluate the psychosocial work environment as experienced by healthcare professionals. The tool aims to capture and highlight aspects of the environment that influence job satisfaction, engagement, well-being, and professional burnout. At the same time, it can be used to identify organizational weaknesses and to design intervention strategies for improving the work climate and employee performance.

Scoring

Scoring of the TWES HEALTH is conducted by summing the responses for each subscale, with scores typically ranging from 9 to 45 per subscale. Higher scores indicate a more positive perception of the corresponding dimension of the work environment. The scores can be compared either horizontally (between subscales) or vertically (between population groups or over time). In some cases, standard cutoffs are used for interpretation (e.g., low – moderate – high), and interpretation is further supported by statistical analysis (e.g., mean, standard deviation, group comparisons).

Validity & Reliability

TWES HEALTH, based on Moos’ WES, has been widely studied for its psychometric robustness. It demonstrates high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients typically above 0.70 for most subscales. The tool’s validity has been confirmed through content, construct, and convergent validity methods. In translated or culturally adapted versions, such as the Greek version, reliability and validity are enhanced through pilot testing and statistical analysis (e.g., confirmatory factor analysis).

References

Moos, R. H. (1994). Work Environment Scale Manual (3rd ed.). Consulting Psychologists Press.
Papadopoulou, L., & Koufaki, E. (2017). Psychometric evaluation of TWES in a Greek sample of health professionals. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 24(3), 101–120.
Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. Basic Books.
Ntavou, M. (2020). Work environment and job satisfaction in the healthcare system. Papazisis Publications.