Scale-Description

The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-70) is a research tool developed to measure various motivational factors in sports. The SMS-70 consists of 70 statements that assess different aspects of athletes’ motivation, based on Self-Determination Theory by Deci and Ryan. This tool allows for the analysis of both internal and external factors that influence athletes’ participation and commitment to sports.

Data Analysis and Usage

The analysis of data from the SMS-70 includes:
Descriptive Statistics: Calculation of means, standard deviations, and distributions for each motivational factor.
Factor Analysis: Confirmation of the tool’s structure and the validity of its subfactors.
Reliability: Calculation of Cronbach’s alpha to assess the internal consistency of the factors.
Comparative Statistics: Using tests such as ANOVA or t-tests to compare motivation among different groups of athletes.
Multivariate Analysis: Exploring relationships between motivational factors and other variables, such as performance, satisfaction, or retention in sports.
The use of data can help in the development of strategies to enhance motivation, the improvement of athletic programs, and the contribution to theoretical knowledge surrounding motivation in sports.

Purpose

The primary objective of the SMS-70 is to provide a detailed understanding of the motivations that lead athletes to engage in sports activities. Specifically, the tool aims to:
Distinguish between internal and external motivations: Recognizing the different levels of self-determination that affect athletic behavior.
Identify specific sources of motivation: Such as enjoyment, social recognition, performance improvement, etc.
Contribute to the development of motivation-enhancing programs: To increase athletes’ commitment and performance.

Scaling

The SMS-70 uses a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate the statements, where athletes rate their agreement with each statement from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scaling allows for:
Quantitative data analysis: Through the calculation of means and variances for each motivational factor.
Comparative evaluation: Between different groups of athletes, ages, genders, or sports disciplines.
Diagnostic use: To identify areas that need enhancement or intervention.

Bibliography

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer US.
Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R., Brière, N. M., Senécal, C., & Vallières, É. F. (1992). The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52(4), 1003-1017.
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2006). Motivation for sport participation: A study of Norwegian adolescent athletes. European Physical Education Review, 12(4), 363-384.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749-761.
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Brière, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25(4), 279-306.
Tessier, M., Fortier, M. S., & Séguin, L. (2008). Sport participation motivation: Impact of autonomy-supportive and controlling coaches on youth athletes’ motivational experiences. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1523-1531.
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.