Introduction

The concept of the research gap strongly concerns the scientific community, especially new researchers embarking on their doctoral journey. The identification of gaps is a fundamental prerequisite for contributing to the production of new knowledge. However, for a long period there was no established framework for identifying and characterizing them. This led to different interpretations, as what one researcher perceives as a gap may not be considered as such by another. This complexity makes the process demanding, since it requires a combination of critical thinking, analytical review of the literature, and a creative research perspective. One of the most significant types of research gap is the theoretical gap.

What is a Theoretical Gap

A theoretical gap refers to deficiencies, weaknesses, or contradictions identified in the theoretical foundations of a scientific field. It often emerges when a phenomenon is explained through different theoretical models that contradict one another or fail to fully capture its complexity. As with methodological gaps, theoretical gaps may also involve conflict. Identifying such shortcomings offers the researcher an opportunity to reconsider existing models or to develop new ones that better correspond to reality.

Example of a Theoretical Gap

A characteristic example can be found in the field of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Arnott and Pervan (2005) point out that studies in this domain must incorporate findings from psychology, management, and related disciplines in order to create a more robust theoretical foundation. The need for interdisciplinary grounding demonstrates that the previous theoretical approach was incomplete and in need of renewal.

Verification of the Theoretical Gap

Recognizing a theoretical gap is not sufficient in itself, as its existence must also be verified. This means that the researcher must confirm that the gap has not already been addressed by other, more recent studies. In practice, this is achieved through a systematic literature review that examines all relevant sources and synthesizes the existing knowledge. If the review is insufficient, there is a risk of overlooking works that may have already resolved the theoretical issue. One verification strategy is the analysis of the articles that first revealed the gap. If other researchers rely on these articles to justify their own studies, then the gap is likely to remain active. Moreover, searching specialized databases and consulting updated handbooks can reveal whether the theoretical issue still exists or has been covered.

Writing Strategy and Formulation

Once a theoretical gap has been identified and verified, the researcher must integrate it into the writing of their study. The presentation of the gap should not be fragmented but should follow a logical sequence that highlights inconsistencies and controversies within the literature. An example formulation could state that the researcher identified a clear theoretical gap in previous research concerning the application of theory X to phenomenon Y. This particular theory appears outdated, while recent studies expose its limitations. Although it remains important as a theoretical foundation, it is necessary to develop a new framework that incorporates insights from field Z and addresses new socio-technological challenges. In this way, the theoretical gap is directly connected to the purpose of the study and its contribution to the literature, building a clear bridge between existing theory and the proposed research direction.

Conclusions

The identification of theoretical gaps is a key driving force in the development of new knowledge. Systematic reviews function as essential tools for uncovering these gaps and for grounding studies in evidence-based research. Without highlighting theoretical deficiencies, scientific progress would be limited to reproducing existing models without real innovation or advancement. Therefore, theoretical justification is not simply a formal obligation of the researcher but a strategy that ensures the relevance, timeliness, and scientific value of the study. Identifying, verifying, and properly articulating theoretical gaps provides researchers with the opportunity to open new pathways, develop stronger theoretical frameworks, and contribute substantially to the advancement of scientific understanding.