Description of the Questionnaire

The PRECA-14 (Personal Report of Interethnic Communication Apprehension) questionnaire measures the level of anxiety or difficulty an individual experiences when communicating with members of different ethnic or cultural groups. It includes 14 statements to which participants are asked to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement using a five-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree.

Purpose

The purpose of the questionnaire is to measure the degree of communication apprehension in intercultural and interethnic interactions. The instrument helps identify the obstacles individuals face in communicating with people from different ethnic and cultural groups and contributes to improving intercultural communication skills.

Scoring

For scoring the questionnaire, the following steps are followed: First, add the scores for the positive items 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 12. Second, add the scores for the negative items 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, and 14. The formula for calculation is: PRECA Score = 42 – (Sum of Positive Items) + (Sum of Negative Items). Scores range from 14 to 70. Scores from 14 to 31 indicate low intercultural difficulty, scores from 32 to 52 indicate moderate difficulty, and scores from 53 to 70 indicate high intercultural difficulty.

Analysis and Use of Data

The questionnaire is used in research on intercultural communication, psychology, and sociology. The data obtained can contribute to the design of training programs for communication skills and the improvement of conditions for interaction in multicultural environments. In addition, researchers can examine relationships between intercultural apprehension and other factors such as self-esteem, experience abroad, or cultural sensitivity.

References

Neuliep, J. W., & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). The development of intercultural and interethnic communication apprehension. Communication Research Reports, 14, 385–398.
McCroskey, J. C. (2001). An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.