Analysis

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) evaluates gender stereotypes through a series of traits that are traditionally associated with either masculinity or femininity. The questionnaire consists of 60 traits, divided into three categories: masculine, feminine, and neutral. Participants are asked to rate themselves on how well these traits describe them, using a Likert scale from 1 (never or almost never true) to 7 (always or almost always true).

Purpose

The main purpose of the BSRI is to determine the extent to which individuals incorporate traditional masculine or feminine qualities into their personal identity. The tool was designed to measure masculinity and femininity as two separate dimensions, allowing for the identification of androgyny—a state in which an individual expresses high levels of both types of traits. Recognizing these characteristics can provide insights into how individuals perceive and express their gender identity, as well as how these traits may influence their social and professional relationships.

Calibration

The calibration of the BSRI is performed by summarizing responses in each trait category (masculine, feminine, and neutral). The total score for each category is calculated, and participants are classified into categories based on their highest scores. Individuals may be categorized as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. Androgyny is considered to have positive consequences, as it is associated with greater flexibility in gender roles and adaptability to different social environments.

References

The literature on the BSRI includes a range of studies that have examined the tool’s validity and reliability, as well as the effects of gender identity on psychology and social relationships:
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162.
Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem Sex Role Inventory: Professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents. University of Texas Press.