Description of the Questionnaire

The scale examines three dimensions of self-image: the real self, the ideal self, and how the individual believes others perceive them. Each dimension includes fifteen scales, each consisting of a pair of conceptually opposite adjectives. The respondent is asked to position themselves on a five-point scale, selecting where they believe they fall between the two extremes.

Analysis and Use of Data

The questionnaire can be used to capture the distance between the real and the ideal self, to explore the image an individual has of how they are perceived by others, and to evaluate psychological adjustment and self-esteem. In a research context, it is used to study correlations with other variables, such as symptomatology or difficulties in interpersonal relationships.

Aim

The scale aims to understand the discrepancy between self-perception and external perceptions, to highlight potential conflicts between the real and the ideal self, and to evaluate psychological difficulties related to self-image.

Scoring

Scoring ranges from 9, corresponding to positive adjectives, down to 1, corresponding to negative adjectives. The sum of the fifteen pairs corresponds to the total score of each scale, with the range spanning from 15 to 135. The greater the distance between the real and the ideal self, the greater the indication of psychological distress. Research has shown that the scale demonstrates good construct validity.

References

Miskimins, R. W., & Wilson, L. T. (1979). Self-concept and psychiatric symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 27–29.
Chants, E. (1995). A new therapeutic proposal for the communication of spouses with marital problems. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.