Brief Description

The test consists of two types of trials in which participants are asked to detect target numbers (2 and 7) either among letters (automatic detection condition) or among other numbers (controlled detection condition). The targets appear in different positions on each line, requiring continuous visual scanning and accuracy in recording. The process demands cognitive control, speed, and response accuracy.

Purpose

The Selective Attention Test aims to assess the sustained and selective aspects of visual attention. Specifically, it examines an individual’s ability to identify specific stimuli within a set of unrelated information, to maintain concentration, and to filter out distracting or irrelevant stimuli.

Scoring Method

Performance is calculated based on the speed of target detection and the accuracy of responses. Speed refers to the total number of correct targets identified within the allowed time, while accuracy is the net number of correct targets after subtracting errors. The overall performance index is derived from the combined assessment of these two parameters. Scores are compared against normative reference values by age group.

Validity

The validity of the test was evaluated through comparisons between healthy adults and individuals participating in a rehabilitation program, revealing statistically significant differences in target detection speed and accuracy. Performance also varied by age group, with younger participants (aged 20–39) demonstrating significantly better results than older adults (aged 60–71), especially in speed and controlled detection trials. The validity values are considered satisfactory.

Reliability

The reliability of the test was examined using a test–retest method over a 12–14 week period in a sample of 40 Greek adults aged 21 to 67 years. All participants had at least 12 years of formal education, with a mean age of 35.5 years. Internal consistency indices were rated as satisfactory to high, with a standard deviation of 2.85 years and an education range of 12 to 21 years.

Data Analysis and Use

Test data are analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate means and standard deviations. Parametric and non-parametric tests (such as t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests) are also used to compare performance between groups. The test is suitable for clinical evaluation of attention and for research purposes related to cognitive functioning, age effects, and other influencing factors on different aspects of attention.

References

Messinis, L., Kosmidis, M., Tsakona, I., Georgiou, V., Aretouli, E., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2007). Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test: Normative data, discriminant validity and test-retest reliability in Greek adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 773–785.
Ruff, R. M., Neiman, H., Allen, C. C., Farrow, C. E., & Wylie, T. (1992). The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test: A neuropsychological application. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 1311–1319.