Analysis

The analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) involves evaluating the seven components related to sleep quality. Each of these components is scored from 0 (no problems) to 3 (severe problems). The individual component scores are summed to produce a global score ranging from 0 to 21. This total score is used to assess the person’s overall sleep quality, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality.

Objective

The aim of the PSQI is to provide a valid and reliable method for assessing sleep quality and related disorders. This tool is used both in clinical practice and research to identify sleep problems, monitor changes in sleep quality over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. It is especially useful for detecting and diagnosing sleep disorders in populations with chronic illnesses, psychiatric conditions, or other circumstances that affect sleep.

Scoring

Scoring of the PSQI is based on individuals’ responses to the 19 items that make up the questionnaire. Each question contributes to one of the seven components, and each component is rated from 0 to 3. The component scores are summed to produce a global score, which can range from 0 to 21. A total score greater than 5 is generally considered an indicator of poor sleep quality.

References

The literature supporting the development and use of the PSQI includes clinical studies and scientific articles that investigate the validity, reliability, and applicability of the tool in various populations. Key references include:
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213.
Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test–retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 737–740.
Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45(1), 5–13.