Biostatistics is a specialized branch of Statistics that focuses on applying statistical methods to solve biological and medical problems. It is widely used in fields such as basic biological sciences, medical research, public health, and agriculture. Applications include identifying risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, assessing environmental risks such as tobacco smoke, asbestos, or pollutants, and testing new treatments for serious diseases such as AIDS. Biostatistics is also referred to as biological statistics or biometrics, and it has been established as one of the most essential tools for advancing both science and clinical practice.

The Process of a Biostatistical Study

A biostatistical study follows a specific sequence of steps, beginning with data collection through observations, experiments, or questionnaires. The data is then classified and recorded in databases or specialized software to allow for further processing. Next comes the analysis, with the selection of appropriate methods such as regression or analysis of variance, and finally, the results are interpreted and presented in a way that leads to safe and reliable conclusions. The quality of the study depends on sound design, accuracy in data collection, and the validity of the statistical hypotheses.

Statistical Tools and Methods

Biostatistics relies on a wide range of statistical tools. These include generalized linear models, simple, multiple and logistic regression, hypothesis testing, estimation of sampling errors, survival analyses such as Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression, as well as more advanced techniques like factor analysis and cluster analysis. The application of these methods is made possible through specialized software such as SPSS, Stata, SAS, Minitab, and the R programming language. These tools facilitate both descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis, offering flexibility and precision in the research process.

Education and Support

Training in applied statistics and biostatistics is a key component in developing research skills. Universities and research centers provide courses and workshops focusing on the practical use of software such as SPSS, data management, and the correct interpretation of results. The aim is to cultivate statistical thinking and to help researchers understand core concepts so they can apply theory in practice. Through such educational programs, Statistics ceases to be merely a series of mathematical calculations and becomes a powerful tool for decision-making and the generation of scientific knowledge.

Statistical Support Services

At the institutional level, centers such as the Statistical Support Service at the UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital provide comprehensive support to researchers. Services include study design, sample size calculations, preparation of grant and ethics applications, and guidance in data analysis. Collaborations often extend to publications, with statisticians frequently recognized as co-authors. In many cases, an initial consultation may be offered free of charge, while further collaboration is based on hourly fees or part-time arrangements, depending on the scope of the study.

Conclusion

Biostatistics plays a decisive role in modern research, offering methodological support, ensuring the validity of conclusions, and contributing to the advancement of health sciences, biology, and social sciences. With appropriate training and access to specialized support services, Biostatistics functions as a cornerstone of reliability and quality in the scientific process.