Scale Analysis and Objective

The Instrumental Visions About Future scale (VAF-22) refers to the development and psychometric potential of future-oriented visions. It can also be described as a tool for assessing hope, optimism, and pessimism. The scale was developed with the aim of enhancing the skills and knowledge of adolescents, encouraging motivation for innovative activities and contributing to the shaping of their personality.

Item Scoring and Statistical Analysis

The VAF-22 scale consists of 22 items answered using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Does not describe me at all) to 5 (Describes me very well). It is an appropriate process for adolescents, yielding higher average scores in comparison to the potentially highest achievable score. Notably, in a study conducted with Italian adolescents, the factorial and multidimensional structure was confirmed, and it was also found that VAF-22 is related to life satisfaction, career adaptability, and measurement invariance across gender was demonstrated.

Validity and Reliability

In terms of validity and reliability, the VAF-22 is considered a reliable and valid instrument. Results confirmed that none of the items showed positive or negative bias regarding the relationship between optimism and pessimism across boys and girls.

References

Ginevra, M. C., Sgaramella, T. M., Ferrari, L., Nota, L., Santilli, S., & Soresi, S. (2017). Visions about future: A new scale assessing optimism, pessimism, and hope in adolescents. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 17(2), 187–210.