Questionnaire Description

The Group Participation Evaluation Scale (KEΣO) consists of a total of 47 questions. The first 21 questions record positive behavior, while the remaining ones refer to negative behavior toward other group members. Each statement is rated on a scale from 0 to 3, depending on the frequency of the behavior (e.g., “Responds warmly to others,” “Reacts with anger and shouting at others”). The completion time is approximately 30 minutes.

Data Analysis and Use

The scale was piloted on 32 chronically mentally ill patients who participated in weekly group psychotherapy sessions. Their evaluation was conducted over two distinct time periods. The internal consistency of the scale was found to be high (α=0.85), and its reliability was confirmed through assessments by two independent raters across three repeated measurements (r=0.80, r=0.93, and r=0.88). Furthermore, using an external criterion of a score >60 on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), a KEΣO cut-off point of >47 yielded 76% sensitivity and 79% specificity.

Purpose

This scale was designed to evaluate individual participation and behavior in any group setting within a psychotherapeutic framework (e.g., group psychotherapy, discussion group, problem-solving, or sociotherapeutic activities for individuals with mental illness).

Scoring

The scale is scored by summing the responses to all items. The maximum possible score is 78 and the minimum is 0, with higher scores indicating greater participation and more positive behavior within the group setting.

Bibliography

Madianos, M., & Kallergis, G. (in press). Measuring individual participation in group psychotherapy with patients suffering from chronic mental illness. European Journal of Psychiatry.